Carlos

Sky is the third-largest stablecoin issuer with $12.3B combined USDS and DAI supply, operating a central-bank model where Agents (Spark, Grove, Obex) collectively manage $7.97B in debt and earn spreads on the 3.95% Base Rate. The protocol generates $161M annualized net interest income across Agent lending, PSM yields, and crypto vaults, but faces NIM compression from aggressive deposit growth and structural capital constraints, with SKY staker yields ranging 3.6% (bear) to 24.8% (bull) depending on Agent scaling and NIM recovery.

On April 18, 2026, attackers minted 116.5K unbacked rsETH via a compromised LayerZero bridge and borrowed ~$193M from Aave V3. Carlos argues this exposes a structural weakness in Aave's monolithic pool architecture — any bad asset contaminates the whole pool. Complements Pratik Kala's tranching proposal; both are pointing at the same fundamental issue, from different angles.

Carlos maps prop AMM dominance on Solana: HumidiFi now captures 50% of SOL-stablecoin volumes and 28% of all DEX volumes as of September, up from 7% when SolFi launched in October 2024. While FastLane's Thogard argues the SVM disadvantages prop AMMs, aggregator competition is intensifying—DFlow and Titan combined averaged $1.5B in volume over two weeks—and DFlow's new JIT Routing technology dynamically re-optimizes swaps onchain, routing 98% of SOL-stablecoin volumes to prop AMMs versus Jupiter's 80%. This shift has compressed Solana's weekly REV to $9.1M last week, the lowest since pre-election September 2024.